TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY

Modern telecommunications industry players produce communication equipment and deliver a set of voice, data, and broadband services using wireline or wired infrastructure of cables, networks, servers, computers, and satellites.

The telecommunications sector consists of three basic sub-sectors: telecom equipment (the largest), telecom services (next largest), and wireless communication.

Modern telecommunications tools are Telephone (Including mobile telephony), Radio and Television, Internet, and Communications Networks (LAN and WAN).

Telephone

In a telephone network, the caller is connected to the person he wants to talk to by switches at various telephone exchanges. The switches form an electrical connection between the two users and the setting of these switches is determined electronically when the caller dials the number. The fixed-line telephones in most residential homes are analog however increasingly telephone service providers are converting the signals to digital for transmission before converting them back to analog for the reception. This enables digitized voice data traveling side-by-side with data from the Internet.

Mobile Phones

Mobile phones have had a significant impact on telephone networks. Mobile phone subscriptions now outnumber fixed-line subscriptions in many markets

Radio and television:

In a broadcast system, the central high-powered broadcast tower transmits a high-frequency electromagnetic wave to numerous low-powered receivers. The high-frequency wave sent by the tower is modulated with a signal containing visual or audio information. The receiver is then tuned so as to pick up the high-frequency wave and a demodulator is used to retrieve the signal containing the visual or audio information. The broadcast signal can be either analog or digital.

The broadcast media industry is at a critical turning point in its development, with many countries moving from analog to digital broadcasts. This move is made possible by the production of cheaper, faster and more capable integrated circuits. The chief advantage of digital broadcasts is that they prevent a number of complaints common to traditional analog broadcasts.

Internet

The Internet is a worldwide network of computers and computer networks that can communicate with each other using the Internet Protocol. Any computer on the Internet has a unique IP address that can be used by other computers to route information to it. Hence, any computer on the Internet can send a message to any other computer using its IP address. These messages carry with them the originating computer's IP address allowing for two-way communication. The Internet is thus an exchange of messages between computers.

Local area networks and wide area networks

Despite the growth of the Internet, the characteristics of local area networks ("LANs" – computer networks that do not extend beyond a few kilometers in size) remain distinct. This is because networks on this scale do not require all the features associated with larger networks and are often more cost-effective and efficient without them. When they are not connected with the Internet, they also have the advantages of privacy and security. However, purposefully lacking a direct connection to the Internet will not provide 100% protection of the LAN from hackers, military forces, or economic powers. These threats exist if there are any methods for connecting remotely to the LAN.

There are also independent wide area networks ("WANs" – private computer networks that can and do extend for thousands of kilometers.) Once again, some of their advantages include their privacy, security, and complete ignoring of any potential hackers – who cannot "touch" them.

TELECOMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT

Telecommunications equipment (also telecoms equipment or communications equipment) is a hardware which is used for the purposes of telecommunications

Telecommunications equipment can be broadly broken down into the following categories:[3]

• Public switching equipment
  • Analogue switches
  • Digital switches
    • Voice over IP switches
    • Virtual Reality (VR)
• Transmission equipment
  • Transmission lines
    • Optical fibre
    • Local loops
  • Base transceiver stations
  • Free-space optical communication
    • Laser communication in space
  • Multiplexers
  • Communications satellites
• Customer Premises Equipment (CPE)
  • Customer office terminal
  • Private switches
  • Local area networks (LANs)
  • Modems
  • Mobile phones
  • Landline telephones

• • Answering machines
  • Teleprinters
  • Fax machines
  • Pagers
  • Routers
  • Wireless devices

TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES

Diverse telecommunication services

There are two types of sub-industries under diverse Telecommunication services which are as follows:

Alternative carriers:

These are those companies that make use of bandwidth and fibre optic cable networks to provide the required data and communication service. Internet Service Providers/ Broadband Services, Video Streaming Services

Integrated Telecommunication services:

These are a company with a little bit of mixture and provide both wireless and wired telecom services. It also includes those companies that are responsible for operating wired telecom networks.

Wireless telecommunication services:

Apart from providing wireless telecom services, these include cell phone service providers. They work specifically in the two areas and do not expand to include other areas under them whereas they might always prefer to move for a advance technology which is also very essential for sustaining the business.

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